The 4 Stages of Osteoporosis

The 4 Stages of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition defined by the body’s inability to replace lost bone tissue appropriately. The reabsorption of bone tissue is a natural process that the body does; however, this process can break down. Without a proper balance of bone resorption and breakdown with bone rebuilding and repair, weak and brittle bone results. This is what osteoporosis actually is. There are typically no symptoms with the earliest stages of this condition. It is often referred to as a “silent bone disease.”


Most physicians will diagnose osteoporosis with a simple, noninvasive imaging scan called a bone density scan. This bone mineral density (BMD) test is known as a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. The DXA provides a T-score which compares the bone mass of the individual to the average bone mass of a young adult. The T-score is based on the statistical property of standard deviations from the ‘norm’. 

Stage 1: Normal Bone Density

Stage 1 osteoporosis is defined by a T-score between +1 and -1.


The first stage of osteoporosis is characterized by normal bone density. At this point, individuals typically have healthy bones with no signs of osteoporosis. However, it's important to note that bone density naturally declines with age, making it essential to adopt lifestyle habits that support bone health from an early age. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are all crucial for maintaining optimal bone density. Also, even a T score of -1 means that you are one standard deviation below what would be considered normal bone mass.

Stage 2: Osteopenia

Stage 2 osteoporosis is defined by a T-score between -1 and -2.5.


Osteopenia is often considered a precursor to osteoporosis. In this stage, bone density is lower than normal but not yet low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. Individuals with osteopenia have bones that are weaker than average, making them more susceptible to fractures. While osteopenia increases the risk of developing osteoporosis, it's not inevitable. Lifestyle modifications such as diet, exercise, and bone-strengthening medications may help slow down or even reverse bone loss at this stage.

Stage 3: Osteoporosis

Stage 3 osteoporosis is defined by a T-score of -2.5 or lower.


As bone density continues to decline, individuals progress to stage 3, where they are diagnosed with osteoporosis. At this point, bones have become significantly weakened, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly in weight-bearing bones such as the spine, hips, and wrists. Symptoms may include back pain, loss of height over time, and a stooped posture. Early detection and intervention are crucial at this stage to prevent further bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures. Treatment options may include medications to increase bone density, lifestyle modifications, and fall prevention strategies.

Stage 4: Severe Osteoporosis

Stage 4 osteoporosis is defined by a T-score -2.5 or lower and has had at least one fracture caused by the lower bone density.


The final stage of osteoporosis is characterized by severe bone loss and a high risk of fractures. Bones are fragile and brittle, making even minor falls or movements potentially dangerous. Individuals with severe osteoporosis may experience frequent fractures, chronic pain, and significant limitations in mobility and quality of life. Management at this stage focuses on preventing further bone loss, managing pain, and reducing the risk of fractures through a combination of medications, physical therapy, and assistive devices.


While osteoporosis is a progressive condition, it's important to recognize that early detection and intervention can significantly impact outcomes. By understanding the stages of osteoporosis and taking proactive steps to support bone health, individuals can reduce their risk of fractures and maintain independence and quality of life as they age. Regular screenings, a healthy lifestyle, and open communication with healthcare providers are essential components of effective osteoporosis management. Remember, when it comes to bone health, prevention and early intervention are key.

Bone Density Boosting Supplements

Dr. Meredith Warner’s Vitamin K2 + Olive Oil Softgels are formulated to promote strong bones through improved calcium absorption and increased bone density. Vitamin K2 and extra virgin olive oil are also super heart healthy in their ability to clear clogged arteries and improve circulation.

Our collection of vitamins and minerals supports healthy tissues, cartilage, nerves, bones, and joints. These capsules can help fortify your bones, promote collagen formation, and assist in wound healing.

Dr. Meredith Warner, Orthopedic Surgeon

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Meredith Warner is the creator of Well Theory and The Healing Sole. She is a board-certified Orthopedic Surgeon and Air Force Veteran.


She is on a mission to disrupt traditional medicine practices and promote betterment physically, spiritually and mentally to many more people. She advocates for wellness and functional health over big pharma so more people can age vibrantly with more function and less pain.


At Well Theory, Our surgeon-designed products are FDA Registered and formulated to help people:


  • Manage the symptoms of musculoskeletal pain
  • Recover vibrantly from orthopedic related surgeries
  • Fill the gaps in our daily diets
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